Inthe caseofopenglworkloads,wediscoverthatkernelsshaderpro. Side channel attacks or sca, monitor your power use and electromagnetic emissions during cryptographic operations. For sca of rfid devices, less research has been conducted, especially with respect to attacks on realworld devices. First, these are devices dedicated to performing secure operations. Protecting against sidechannel attacks with an ultralow. These side channels may leak information on the programs accesses to data andor code memory. Side channel analysis techniques are of concern because the attacks can be mounted quickly and can sometimes be implemented using readily available hardware costing from only a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. A sidechannel analysis attack takes advantage of implementation specific characteristics.
Using side channel information to enable an attack is similar, although it requires a lot more effort than the simple example above. Mar 07, 2017 this information is called side channel information. Sidechannel attacks cryptology eprint archive iacr. In this work, we begin by introducing the reader to the idea of a sidechannel attack in cryptography and the need for the method in cryptanalysis. Our attack does not require the victim and adversary to share cores or virtual memory. In sidechannel attack, an attacker uses this sidechannel information to determine the secret keys and break the cryptosystem. In 28, a successful sidechannel attack against a simple passwordbased authentication mechanism of an ultrahigh frequency uhf. However, there is the trained of combining side channel attack, with active attacks, to improved efficiency and effectiveness of. Side channel attacks are typically used to break implemen tations of cryptography.
Sidechannel attacks or sca, monitor your power use and electromagnetic emissions during cryptographic operations. Shielding software from privileged sidechannel attacks. Introduction to side channel attacks side channel attacks are attacks that are based on side channel information. Speculative execution side channels are outside our attack models scope, but we discuss how. Cryptography is the design besides analysis of calculated structures that enable communications for security issue in the presence of malicious adversaries. This book is a printed edition of the special issue side channel attacks that was published in applied sciences download pdf. Side channel vulnerabilities on the web detection and.
We propose a new form of strong kernel isolation to mitigate prefetch side channel attacks and double page fault attacks on kernel memory. Timing information, power consumption, electromagnetic leaks or even sound can provide an extra source of. One of the most typical targets of side channel attacks and one often chosen in the literature is the smart card. Two kind of optical side channel attacks, active and passive attacks, are presented in this paper. Abstract sidechannel attacks are easytoimplement whilst powerful attacks against cryptographic implementations, and their targets range from primitives, protocols, modules, and devices to even systems. However, there is the trained of combining side channel attack, with active attacks, to improved efficiency and effectiveness of the attack. A new side channel attack on directional branch predictor. Optical side channel attack is a new kind of method against cipher chips, such as singlechips implementing public cryptographic algorithms. Keywords branch predictor, attack, side channel, sgx, microarchitecture security, timing attacks, performance counters acm reference format. The issue with amds cache way predictors doesnt seem to be quite as acute of a problem, though. Timing attacks deduce the key from a timing behaviour.
Microelectronics laboratory introduction to side channel attacks june 2009 2 outline introduction basics of side channel attacks origin of the leakages measurement setups spa, dpa exemplary attack against the des improved attacks countermeasures further readings. Pdf sidechannel cryptanalysis is a new research area in applied cryptography that has gained more and more interest since the midnineties. It is named side channel, thus, as it solves the problem using a method that does not follow the intended attacking path. Introduction to side channel attacks side channel attacks. This information is called sidechannel information. The principle is to randomly split every sensitive. We propose a new form of strong kernel isolation to mitigate prefetch sidechannel attacks and double page fault attacks on kernel memory. The sidechannel attack is a kind of physical attacks in which an adversary tries to exploit physical information leakages such as timing information, power consumption, or electromagnetic. Side channel attacks are more commonly used to attack trustedembedded hw.
Electronic circuits are inherently leaky they produce emissions as byproducts that make it possible for an attacker without acess to the circuitry itself to deduce how the circuit works and what data it is processing. These attacks are a subset of profiling attacks, where an attacker creates a profile of a sensitive device and applies this profile to quickly find a victims secret key template attacks require more setup than cpa attacks. Recently, sidechannel attacks are being discovered in more general settings that violate user privacy. In a cache sidechannel attack, an attacker deduces sensitive information e. A tutorial on physical security and sidechannel attacks. Ucl crypto group microelectronics laboratory introduction to sidechannel attacks june 2009 2 outline introduction basics of sidechannel attacks origin of the leakages measurement setups spa, dpa exemplary attack against the des improved attacks countermeasures further readings. Because these side channels are part of hardware design they are notoriously difficult to.
With the probes selected, the attack proceeds in three stages. Sidechannel analysis of cryptographic rfids with analog. Because these side channels are part of hardware design they are notoriously difficult to defeat. There are different types of side channel attack that are based on different side channel information. Owasp 3 agenda background side channel vulnerabilities on the web timing side channels detection attack prevention storage side channels. Via measuring side channel data, the attacker has the ability to capture very sensitive data. Although side channel atta cks in general and cache side channel attack in particular are known for a quite long time, it seems there is a lack of remedies and countermeasures that can be applied. Sidechannel attacks are more commonly used to attack trustedembedded hw. Side channel attacks are typically used to break implementations of cryptography. While dpa is often applied as a black box attack method, template attacks ta 2 are a related approach that use a characterization stage requiring known keys. Exploitability and countermeasures gorka irazoqui xiaofei rex guo, ph. Your book will be printed and delivered directly from one of three print stations, allowing you to profit from economic shipping to any country in the world. Sidechannel attacks rely on measuring tendencies and frequencies of your computer to establish patterns that can extract private information from your machine. Side channel information is information that can be retrieved from the encryption device that is neither the plaintext to be encrypted nor the ciphertext resulting from the encryption process.
We demonstrate our attacks on recent intel x86 and. Side channel attack an overview sciencedirect topics. Thwarting cache sidechannel attacks through dynamic. Probably most important side channel because of bandwith, size and central position in computer. One of the most typical targets of sidechannel attacks and one often chosen in the literature is the smart card. Introduction cache side channel attacks are attacks enabled by the micro architecturual design of the cpu. In computer security, a side channel attack is any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system, rather than weaknesses in the implemented algorithm itself e. Often these have a small attack surface, not many other ways to get in. The exact method depends a lot of the type of crypto algorithm and also a lot on the implementation technique used. While early attacks required attackers to be in physical possession of the device, newer sidechannel attacks such as cachetiming attacks. A side channel attack is one that solves the captcha but not the ai problem it is based on, therefore not improving the state of the art on ai 52. A new sidechannel attack on directional branch predictor. Dmitry evtyushkin, ryan riley, nael abughazaleh, and dmitry ponomarev. Optical side channel attacks on singlechip atlantis press.
Researchers suggest amd chips subject to cache sidechannel. While traditional sidechannel attacks, such as power analysis attacks. In side channel attack, an attacker uses this side channel information to determine the secret keys and break the cryptosystem. Sidechannel cryptanalysis has been used successfully to attack many cryptographic implementations 10, 11. Various speculative execution sidechannel attack methods have been described in recent years. Often these have a small attack surface, not many other ways to. While we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique against cachebased side channels in particular, we expect that the same general defense paradigm can be applied to other categories of side channels using different diversifying transformations than. To perform a template attack, the attacker must have access to another copy of the protected. While it is rumored that there is a large body of classi. Vendor analysis of which algorithm and modes of usage are susceptible to side. New cache designs for thwarting software cachebased.
A sidechannel attack is one that solves the captcha but not the ai problem it is based on, therefore not improving the state of the art on ai 52. Embedded frameworks remain continuously adopted in a varied range of application places. Plain text is given as input to the system and the system runs the encryption to output cipher text. These attacks pose a serious threat to the security of cryptographic modules. Existing defenses against cache side channels the execution of a victim program changes the state of the shared cpu caches. Side channel attacks break the secret key of a cryptosystem using channels such as sound, heat, time and power consumption which are originally not intended to leak such information.
Researchers suggest amd chips subject to cache side. Essentially, side channel attacks monitor power consumption and electro magnetic emissions while a device is performing cryptographic operations. Cache side channel attacks are attacks enabled by the micro architecturual design of the cpu. Keywords branch predictor, attack, sidechannel, sgx, microarchitecture security, timing attacks, performance counters acm reference format. Unlike physical side channel attacks, software cachebased side channel attacks can impact a much wider spectrum of systems and users. Horizontal sidechannel vulnerabilities of postquantum. This makes cachebased side channel attacks extremely. Prefetch side channel attacks thus render existing approaches to kaslr ine ective. Di erential power analysis sidechannel attacks in cryptography. Side channel attacks rely on measuring tendencies and frequencies of your computer to establish patterns that can extract private information from your machine. Using sidechannel information to enable an attack is similar, although it requires a lot more effort than the simple example above.
In this paper we present a general mitigation strategy that focuses on the infrastructure used to measure side channel leaks rather than the source of leaks, and thus applies. There are different types of sidechannel attack that are based on different sidechannel information. Pdf introduction to sidechannel attacks researchgate. Introduction out information are called side channel attacks. A sidechannel attack occurs when an attacker is able to use some additional information leaked from the implementation of a cryptographic function to cryptanalyze the function. Microelectronics laboratory introduction to side channel attacks june 2009 7 side channel attacks take advantage of physical leakages such as timing information 1996, power consumption 1998, electromagnetic radiation 2001, cache hitsmisses 2005, branch predictions 2006. Masking is a wellknown countermeasure to protect block cipher implementations against sidechannel attacks. In this paper, we focus on power consumption and electro magnetic radiation that are two frequently considered sidechannels in practical attacks. Clearly, given enough sidechannel information, it is trivial to break a. A sidechannel attack is a form of reverse engineering. Any limits placed by the device on the number of side.
This is because caches exist in almost all modern processors, the software attacks are very easy to perform, and are effective on various platforms 57. The goals of this project were to research sidechannel attacks and develop our own attack based on dpa to target the des and aes128 cryptosystems. Cache side channels computer science and engineering. Side channel vulnerabilities pose a serious threat for web applications with high security requirements. We follow the assumption that the dpa adversary can eavesdrop on the communication to record the public messages that are exchanged between two parties. Sidechannel attacks on everyday applications black hat. Most of the publicly available literature on sidechannels deals with attacks based on timing or power. In this work, we begin by introducing the reader to the idea of a side channel attack in cryptography and the need for the method in cryptanalysis. To protect against such an attack in an soc, it is important to understand how the information is obtained and determine ways to prevent that from happening, and specifically some of the countermeasures that can. Side channel attacks are also passive as the attacker will be monitoring the normal operation of the chip. Power analysis is a branch of side channel attacks where power consumption data is used as the side channel to attack the system. A testing methodology for side channel resistance validation.
If these side channels are used to attack a cryptosystem then they are called side channel attacks. Electromagnetic emanations analysis emea same possibilities as with spa and dpa but we use other type of channel. The attack is most successful when the training stage is carried out on the victims machine, but the attack still. We present a generic attack to circumvent kaslr, which enables rop attacks inside the kernel. We measure the capacity of the covert channel the attack creates and demonstrate a crosscore, crossvm attack on multiple versions of gnupg. Various speculative execution side channel attack methods have been described in recent years. First, we implemented optical fault injection attacks against cipher algorithms running on at89c52 singlechip, and. A case study for mobile devices raphael spreitzer, veelasha moonsamy, thomas korak, and stefan mangard abstractsidechannel attacks on mobile devices have gained increasing attention since their introduction in 2007.
The amount of time required for the attack and analysis depends on the type of attack. Template attacks are a powerful type of sidechannel attack. Electronic circuits are inherently leaky they produce emissions as byproducts that make it possible for an attacker without acess to the circuitry. The goals of this project were to research side channel attacks and develop our own attack based on dpa to target the des and aes128 cryptosystems. It is named sidechannel, thus, as it solves the problem using a method that does not follow the intended attacking path. Our technique achieves a high attack resolution without relying on weaknesses in the os or virtual machine monitor or on. Timing side channels detection and attack statistical analysis of response times difficult highly skewed distribution, sometimes with multiple modi, depending on network conditions and. Side channel attacks are a current class of attacks that remains very powerful in practice. Although sidechannel atta cks in general and cache sidechannel attack in particular are known for a quite long time, it seems there is a lack of remedies.